Ethar's note

Hello everyone

This post includes my notes for our next essay about accent and dialect

There are two main things that distinguish an accent from a dialect.

-First, an accent refers to the Phonology and Phonetics of speech, that is, the sounds and sound patterns, whereas a dialect refers to the entire linguistic system.

-Second, a dialect also involves some notion of a speech community. For example, if someone from India were to move to Dubuque and start speaking English, we'd refer to her speech as foreign accented speech.

Most people think of an accent as something that other people have. In some cases, they speak disparagingly about one accent compared with another. The truth is that everyone has an accent, 
because an accent is simply a way of pronouncing words.

When it comes to changes in vocabulary in different regions, then you’re talking about dialect. Dialect refers to differences in accent, grammar and vocabulary among different versions of a language.

Dialects take time to develop and also require that the group of people live close together while at the same time having some form of isolation from other populations. This isolation can be geographical, political, or religious amongst other forms.

There is a popular belief that dialects are simply corruptions of "real" or "good" English that reflect basic ignorance of well-known grammar rules. But the truth is that dialect structures are in themselves quite natural and neutral. Their social impact comes solely from their association with different groups in our society. If people belong to a socially oppressed group, they can count on having their language stigmatized; if they belong to a prestigious group, their language will carry prestige value.

reference;

http://www.tolerance.org/magazine/number-18-fall-2000/feature/everyone-has-accent

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-accent-and-dialect

Elaf's notes (accents Vs Dailects)

Good Evening Friends,

here where I want to post my notes for our next essay which is about accents and dialects,

- An accent is defined as the phonetic traits of an individual’s native language carried over into a second non-native language.

- dialect is a variation of a language spoken in a given geographical region.

*One of the most challenging problems in the classroom, and in the field of Speech Pathology is the foreign accent. 

-Students and/or parents with foreign accents may be difficult to understand. 

- One of the keys to understanding an accent is understanding the major factors involved.

HOW CAN ONE LANGUAGE SOUND SO DIFFERENT?

 It’s quite amazing that one language has so many variations. 

There are components which make dialects and accents unique. 

There are too many specific accents to describe, so the following information is an overview:

1. Prosody/Intonation: Languages have a variety of rhythm patterns, loudness levels, tonal variations and inflections.

 2. Articulation: The English language contains specific speech sounds, as do all other world languages. 

3. Vowels: Although most languages share many of the same vowels, the exact positioning of oral structures or stress placed when producing vowels often varies. 

4. Grammar: Syntax (grammar) patterns are very different across languages. For example, adjectives are placed after the noun in Spanish (ex., “boca grande”)

*In Saudi Arabia for example, accents and dialects vary from region to region and country to country.

* In the US also there is many 

-The largest dialect of standard English is known as “Black Vernacular English" (BVE). BVE was originated in the African-American Population.

-Another nationally recognized dialect is called “Boston English” which is the dialect common to most Tri-state, New York and New Jersey residents.

- http://www.talkinwithtwang.com/2016/02/lets-discuss-accents-dialects-speech.html?inf_contact_key=19a1448dde050ed4a30f6785299154df4fe083cc19c53f32f62876a91250466b

What's the difference between dialect and accent?

A common mistake is to confuse a dialect with an accent , muddling up the difference between words people use and the sounds they make, their pronunciation. If vocabulary and grammar are being considered alongside pronunciation, then ‘dialect’ is a reasonable term to use. But often, when claiming to discuss a dialect, someone will concentrate just on pronunciations. If what is being spoken about are sounds alone—that is, accent—then the area of language study is rather pronunciation, or phonology .

Accent, or pronunciation, is a special element of a dialect that needs separate attention to be properly understood. A famous distinction in pronunciation in England is the so-called ‘BATH vowel’, the quality of the ‘a’ sound differing between north and south. For example, someone from Leeds, in the north of England, would typically pronounce ‘bath’ with the short ‘a’ of ‘cat’, whereas someone from Oxford, in the south of England, would typically pronounce ‘bath’ with the long ‘a’ of ‘father’. Another distinction, still more significant on the world stage, concerns the issue of  rhoticity, i.e. whether or not a written ‘r’ is sounded when it follows a vowel, for example in the words ‘car’ and ‘butter’. Whilst most people in England and Wales do not pronounce the ‘r’ (and are therefore  non- rhotic), many in South-West England and parts of Lancashire do. In this they are joined by most Scots and Irish speakers of English, and by the majority of North Americans. Rhoticity is in fact numerically and geographically the dominant form in world terms.

Dialect 

A dialect is a variety of language differing in vocabulary and gramma as well as pronunciation . Dialects are usually spoken by a group united by geography or class.

Accent 

When a standard language and pronunciation are defined by a group, an accent may be any pronunciation that deviates from that standard. 

References:

www.voxforge.org/home/docs/faq/faq/what-is-the-difference-between-a-dialect-and-an-accent

www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-is-the-difference-between-dialect-and-accent